Connectomicsbased analysis of information flow in the. Rich club disturbances of the human connectome from subjective cognitive decline to alzheimers disease tianyi yan 1,2, wenhui wang1,2, liu yang3, kewei chen4, rong chen5, and ying han3,6,7,8 1. The richclub organization in rat functional brain network to. May 20, 2014 richclub organization was evident at both time points fig. Rich club disturbances of the human connectome from. Rich club analysis in the alzheimers disease connectome reveals a relatively undisturbed structural core network madelaine daianu,1 neda jahanshad,1 talia m. Discovering the human connectome indiana university. Furthermore, rich club organization was also found in a highresolution network, strongly suggesting the existence of a robust densely interconnected rich club in the human connectome. The human brain comprises distributed cortical regions that are structurally and functionally connected into a network that is known as the human connectome. Consecutive ais patients n344 with acute brain magnetic resonance imaging mri the study, rich club organization of the human connectome, is published in the nov. The ubiquity of richclub organization across different species and scales of. A richclub organization has been observed in various realworld systems, such as social, technological and biological networks 16, including the brain 1720. A draft of the drosophila connectome was reconstructed from 12,995 neuron images.
Elaborate developmental processes starting in utero herald connectome genesis, with dynamic changes in its architecture continuing throughout life. Largescale structural networks in the human brain have socalled rich club organisation, with densely interconnected central regions but sparsely connected peripheral regions 1,2,3,4. Robinson b, enitan ogundipe c, daniel rueckert d, a. Pdf reinforcement of the brains richclub architecture. The richclub is composed of highly interconnected hub regions that play crucial roles in integrating information between different brain regions. Brain network analysis reveals affected connectome structure. Structural brain networks the human brain rich club organization of the human connectome colizza et al. Structural and functional rich club organization of the brain. The current study used diffusion tensor imaging dti and restingstate functional magnetic resonance imaging fmri to compare the performance of 42 adults with adhd and 59 typical development td adults. Of 344 patients median age 65, interquartile range 5476 years with a median dwi.
Rich club organization enriches and modulates the repertoire of cognitive functions. Together, these results suggest that richclub regions of the human brain tend to participate in local computational units in the form of cliques. Richclub organization of the human connectome journal. Human connectome data sets exhibit a prominent rich club, comprising cortical and subcortical regions. The potential functional importance of these brain hubs is underscored by recent studies showing that. Cliques and cavities in the human connectome springerlink. A the left panel shows human structural drc, showing that moderatetomoderate and moderatetohigh connections are most prominent. The network showed hierarchical structure, small world, and richclub organization. The topological properties of this network have been studied for nearly a decade, revealing key features including smallworld architecture gong et al. We analyze the topological aspects of each subnetwork with respect to age and compare it to rich clubbased subnetworks rich club, feeder, and seeder. We further measured the level of global efficiency and clustering in rich club and non. Largescale structural networks in the human brain have socalled richclub organisation, with densely interconnected central regions but sparsely connected peripheral regions 1,2,3,4. Presence of rich club rc organization suggests central role in.
We used structural and diffusion imaging data to reconstruct the brain structural connectome in very pretermborn adults. Rich club organization of networks rich club phenomenon in networks is said to be present when the hubsofanetworktend to be more densely connected among. Moreover, we also observe the frequent existence of rich club connections between nodes with high participation fig. Pdf the human brain is a complex network of interlinked regions. The human brain is a complex network of interlinked regions. Whether the abnormal connectome of brains richclub structure in adults with attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder adhd remains unclear. Over the group of subjects, the nodal ranks were averaged and the top 8 highest ranking nodes i. To determine whether the rich club organization, essential for information transport in the human connectome, is an important biomarker of functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke ais. Richclub connectivity is important in information integration and its disruption is believed to be the cause of dysfunction in psychosis schmidt et al.
Multiscale community organization of the human structural. Rich club topology seems close to the neuronal work space architecture that has been previously proposed as a substrate for conscious or effortful information processing. The developing human connectome vermont oxford network. The present analysis revealed wholebrain patterns of network structure and rules of information flow. We assessed its rich club organization and modularity as 2 characteristics reflecting the capacity to support global and local information exchange, respectively. Brain network analysis reveals affected connectome. These studies in rodents brain provide topological organization of the structural brain network. Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of a number of highly. Rich club organization of the human connectome martijnp. A related concept is that of richclub behaviour, where the tightly connected nodes are the network hubs, i. Richclub organization of the human connectome martijnp. The official journal of the society for neuroscience 3144.
Cortical hubs form rich club in human brain alzforum. Rich club organization of the newborn human brain gareth ball a, paul aljabar a,1, sally zebari, nora tusor a, tomoki arichi, nazakat merchant a, emma c. G plot of the normalized rich club coefficient yaxis as a function of degree threshold xaxis used to define the rich club. Rich club analysis in the alzheimers disease connectome.
Multiplex coreperiphery organization of the human connectome. The economical tradeoff between physical cost and behavioral value of rich club organization in a cellular connectome confirms theoretical expectations and recapitulates comparable results from human neuroimaging on much larger scale networks, suggesting that this may be a general and scaleinvariant principle of brain network organization. A k of 16 was the highest value where all subjects had data and the k. Weight richclub analysis in the white matter network of late. The overall organizational scheme showed fundamental similarities to the mammalian brain. Rich club organization of the newborn human brain gareth ball a, paul aljabara,1, sally zebari, nora tusor a, tomoki arichi, nazakat merchanta, emma c. Jul 29, 2016 optimally controlling the human connectome. Topological organization of connectivity strength in the rat. Cliques and cavities in the human connectome ann e. Rich club organization supports a diverse set of functional.
Richclub organization of the human connectome journal of. The developing human connectome david edwards dsc, f med sci november 2, 2014 5 developing human connectome project rich club 30 weeks gestation ball et al, proc nat acad sci usa 2014 developing human connectome changes 30 to 40 weeks project ball et al, proc nat acad sci usa 2014 developing human connectome euclidian lengths of connections project. We also show that these regions were highly integrated across the brains major networks. Consecutive ais patients n 344 with acute brain magnetic resonance imaging mri results. Rich club organization of a network describes the phenomenon that highdegree nodes of the network are more densely connected than one would expect on the basis of their individual degree alone colizza et al. We assessed its richclub organization and modularity as 2 characteristics reflecting the capacity to support global and local information exchange, respectively. B the right panel shows the functional drc derived from empirical functional connectivity. Diffusion tensor imaging dti was used to reconstruct the connections of the structural brain network, and.
Richclub organization of the human connectome article pdf available in the journal of neuroscience. To determine whether the richclub organization, essential for information transport in the human connectome, is an important biomarker of functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke ais. In the wholebrain network, rich club coefficient was significantly lower in patients than in controls figure 1a. Just about everyone knows a person who seems to know an unusually large number of people, has the latest information on how they are doing, and can quickly put them in touch with a potential friend or colleague. Rich club organization was evident in all groups figure 1b, with the normalized rich club coefficient o norm increasing as a function of node degree k higher than 1. Consecutive ais patients n344 with acute brain magnetic resonance imaging mri connectome. Nov 02, 2011 the human brain is a complex network of interlinked regions. We discuss the potential functional implications of the rich club organization of the human connectome, particularly in light of its role in information integration and in conferring robustness to its structural core.
Once rich club organization was established, the rich club level of each node in each individual subject was computed as the highest rich club level it participated in i. Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of a number of highly connected and highly central neocortical hub regions, regions that play a key role in global information integration between different parts of the network. Topological organization of the human brain functional. Structural and functional aspects relating to cost and. Richclub analysis in adults with adhd connectomes reveals an. The socalled rich club phenomenon in networks is said to be present when the highly connected highdegree hubs of a network are more densely connected among themselves than predicted on the basis of their high degree alone. Longer gestation is associated with more efficient brain. The research is part of an ongoing intensive effort to map the intricate networks of the human brain, casting the brain as an integrated dynamic system rather than a set of individual regions. Richclub organization of the human connectome semantic scholar. Hubs in brain structure and function olaf sporns, phd. Richclub organization of the newborn human brain pnas. Disrupted rich club organization and structural brain. School of life science, beijing institute of technology, beijing, china.
Counsella,2 acentre for the developing brain, division of imaging sciences and bioengineering, king s college london, king s health partners, st thomas hospital. We discuss the potential functional implications of the rich club organization of the human connectome, particularly in light of its role in information integration and in conferring. Network structural dependency in the human connectome. Richclub organization was evident at both time points fig. A rich club of interconnected brain regions is crucial for global brain network function.
I would bet on it turning out to be this rich club, he adds. Here, we used graph theoretical analysis to investigate the rich club organization of both structural and functional connectome in patients with gtcs n 50 and healthy controls n 60. A richclub organization has been observed in various realworld systems, such as social, technological and biological networks 16, including the. Abnormal rich club organization and functional brain dynamics. Abstract brain function relies on the flexible integration of a diverse set of segregated cortical modules, with the structural connectivity of the brain being a fundamentally important factor in shaping the brains functional dynamics. Rich club organization of the human connectome article pdf available in the journal of neuroscience. As part of an ongoing effort to map the human connectome. Rich club organization and intermodule communication in the. Disrupted structural and functional rich club organization of.
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